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§ 36. Sources of Compounds

The actual process of building compound words may take different forms: 1) Compound words as a rule are built spontaneously according to productive distributional formulas of the given period.

Formulas productive at one time may lose their productivity at another period. Thus at one time the process of building verbs by compounding adverbial and verbal stems was productive, and numerous compound verbs like, e.g. outgrow, offset, inlay (adv + v), were formed. The structure ceased to be productive and today practically no verbs are built in this way.

2) Compounds may be the result of a gradual process of semantic isolation and structural fusion of free word-groups. Such compounds as forget-me-not — �a small plant with blue flowers’; bull’s-eye — �the centre of a target; a kind of hard, globular candy’; mainland — �a continent’ all go back to free phrases which became semantically and structurally isolated in the course of time. The words that once made up these phrases have lost, within these particular formations, their integrity, the whole phrase has become isolated in form, specialised in meaning and thus turned into an inseparable unit — a word having acquired semantic and morphological unity. Most of the syntactic compound nouns of the (a+n) structure, e.g. bluebell, blackboard, mad-doctor, are the result of such semantic and structural isolation of free word-groups; to give but one more example, highway was once actually a high way for it was raised above the surrounding countryside for better drainage and ease of travel. Now we use highway without any idea Of the original sense of the first element.

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Èñòî÷íèê: R. S. Ginzburg S. S. Khidekel, G. Y. Knyazeva, A. A. Sankin. A COURSE IN MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY. 1979

Åùå ïî òåìå § 36. Sources of Compounds:

  1. Ëèòåðàòóðà
  2. SUMMARY
  3. Ëèòåðàòóðà
  4. ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ 1.
  5. Áèáëèîãðàôèÿ
  6. Ë.Î. Äîë³íåíêî, Â.Î. Äîë³íåíêî, Ñ.Î. Ñàðíîâñüêà. Öèâ³ëüíå ïðàâî Óêðà¿íè, 2006
  7. ÖȲËÜÍÅ ÏÐÀÂÎ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ
  8. ÏÅÐÅÄÌÎÂÀ
  9. ×àñòèíà ² ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÀ ÊÓÐÑÓ «ÖȲËÜÍÅ ÏÐÀÂÎ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ»
  10. Ðîçä³ë ². Çàãàëüí³ ïîëîæåííÿ öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà
  11. Òåìà 1. Ïîíÿòòÿ öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà. Ïðåäìåò òà ìåòîä, ñèñòåìà öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà. Ôóíêö³¿ òà ïðèíöèïè öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà
  12. Òåìà 2. Öèâ³ëüíå çàêîíîäàâñòâî Óêðà¿íè
  13. Òåìà 3. Ïîíÿòòÿ, åëåìåíòè òà âèäè öèâ³ëüíèõ ïðàâîâ³äíîñèí
  14. Òåìà 4. Çä³éñíåííÿ öèâ³ëüíèõ ïðàâ ³ âèêîíàííÿ îáîâ’ÿçê³â
  15. Òåìà 5. Çàõèñò öèâ³ëüíèõ ïðàâ òà ³íòåðåñ³â
  16. Òåìà 6. Îá’ºêòè öèâ³ëüíèõ ïðàâ